Further, this research adds empirical findings to the literature on the association found between female directors and forward-looking disclosures.
This study contributes to the current literature by examining the determinants of forward-looking disclosures by categorizing them as quantitative and qualitative. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, there is no prior study that has investigated forward-looking disclosures in integrated reports. The research contributes to the current integrated reporting and forward-looking disclosure literature. Contrary to expectations, the authors did not find a significant impact created by board size, board composition, profitability or industry on forward-looking disclosures. Further, the findings showed that gender diversity and firm size are positively related to forward-looking disclosures, whereas leverage is negatively related to forward-looking disclosures. The authors determined that the majority of the entities tended to provide qualitative forward-looking disclosures rather than quantitative. Multivariate ordinary least squares regression was used to investigate the associations proposed in the research hypotheses. The forward-looking disclosure index (FLDI) was categorized into two main groups, quantitative and qualitative, including 30 items in total. The authors used content analysis to investigate the quantitative and qualitative forward-looking disclosures among early adopters of integrated reporting.
The sample for research involved 55 non-financial companies whose reports are available in the Integrated Reporting Examples Database for the year 2014. This paper aims to examine the nature and extent of forward-looking disclosures in early examples of integrated reporting and to investigate the determinants of those disclosures. We interpret our findings within a multi-theoretical framework that draws insights from agency, executive power, managerial talent, and tournament theories of top executive compensation. Finally, we find CEOs to be the top beneficiaries from acquisitions. We also find that much of the acquisition-related pay raises is equity-based rather than cash-based. However, the positive acquisition effect on top executive compensation is much higher in larger and more complex acquisitions. This effect applies to both powerful corporate executives (CEOs, CFOs, and all other executive directors) and other non-executive directors. Using one of the largest datasets on M&As, directors’ compensation, and governance to-date, consisting of a sample of UK financials (banks, insurance firms, private equity firms, and speciality finance firms) over a 13-year period, our results obtained by employing multivariate regression analyses show that acquisitions, on average, have a positive and significant impact on directors’ compensation. We examine the impact of mergers and acquisitions (M&As) on the compensation of powerful corporate leaders of acquiring firms. Lastly, the board of commissioners, the board of independent commissioners, the audit committee, meeting attendance, company age and size as control variables jointly influenced integrated reporting implementation Otherwise, the audit committee and meeting attendance do not affect the implementation of integrated reporting. The study results revealed that the board of commissioners, the independent board, and the company's age and size as control variables influence integrated reporting implementation. A quantitative method with descriptive statistics was chosen as a research design, and it also gained secondary data from the annual report as a data source. Based on predetermined criteria, the selected samples of this study were 44 of 132 data.
Several mining companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) from 2016 to 2018 were selected through a purposive sampling technique as the population of this study. The corporate governance structure refers to the board of commissioners, independent commissioners, the audit committee, and the meeting attendance, the study employed company size as a control variable. This study aims to determine Good Corporate Governance's effect and the firm's age on integrated reporting implementation.
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